Photosynthesis and Its Requirements


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Photosynthesis and Its Requirements

Conditions Necessary for Photosynthesis

Chlorophyll: Green leaves are called food factories of plants. This is because the food-making process takes place in leaves. The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll. The green colour of the leaves is due to the presence of this pigment. The cells of green leaves and young stems have several green structures called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll. Light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll. CO2 is obtained from the atmosphere through stomata mostly present on the underside of the leaves.

Light Energy from Sunlight: Sun is the ultimate source of light energy. Chlorophyll traps the light energy from the sun during the process of photosynthesis.

Water and Minerals from Soil: Plants absorb water and minerals from the soil through their roots and leaves. The root system consists of a main or primary root, rootlets, or secondary roots, and root hair. Root hair increases the surface area of roots. They are found in great numbers near the tips of the roots. Water and soluble nutrients enter the root hair, pass through the secondary roots, and travel through the main roots into the stems. They reach the leaves through pipe-like vessels present inside the roots, stem, branches and leaves. These vessels are called xylem. The xylem forms a continuous passage for the water, minerals and other nutrients to reach the leaves.

Carbon Dioxide from Air: Leaves take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen through the tiny pores called stoma (singular—stoma). The stomata are present on the underside of leaves. Each stoma is surrounded by guard cells. The guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata.

Leaves are the food factories of a plant. However, other parts of the plant play important roles, too.The roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

  • Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves. The lower epidermis has openings called the stomata. The stomata takes in carbon dioxide from the air. Chlorophyll captures energy from the sunlight, and uses it to prepare food from carbondioxide and water.
  • The by-products are oxygen and water, which are released through the stomata during daytime. The food that has been made is sent to the other parts of the plants through the veins.
  • Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    ________________  is the ultimate source of light energy.

    Right Option : B
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    Question : 2

    Autotrophic mode of nutrition requires _______________

    Right Option : D
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    Question : 3

    Grana refers to ______________________

    Right Option : A
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